International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol.37, No.21, 16123-16129, 2012
Effect of titania concentration on the grain boundary conductivity of Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 electrolyte
The effect of titania (TiO2) addition on the densification, crystal structure and electrical property of Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 (GDC) are examined. TiO2 addition reduces GDC sintering temperature by similar to 200 degrees C and considerably improves grain boundary conduction. The minimum grain boundary resistivity is obtained at 0.8 mol% TiO2 concentration. XRD analysis suggests that the solubility limit of TiO2 in GDC is similar to 0.6 mol%. The optimum doping level (0.8 mol%) is slightly higher than the solubility limit (0.6 mol%), which implies that a small amounts of TiO2 (similar to 0.2 mol%) at the grain boundaries benefits the grain-boundary conduction. Copyright (c) 2012, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.