Dilute-acid pretreatments are commonly used to solubilize holocelluloses of lignocellulosic materials and represent a promising route to enhance biohydrogen production by dark fermentation. Besides the soluble sugars released, furan derivatives, such as furfural and 5-HMF, as well as phenolic compounds can accumulate in dilute-acid hydrolyzates and that may affect fermentative microbial populations. In this study, biohydrogen production from glucose (5 g VS L-1) in batch tests was investigated in presence of increasing volumes (0% - control, 3.75%, 7.5%, 15% and 35% (v/v)) of dilute acid hydrolyzate generated from sunflower stalks (170 degrees C, 1 h, 4 g HCl/100 gTS). A sharp decrease of the hydrogen yield was observed from 2.04 mol H-2 mol(-1) (eq. hexose initial) in the control to 0 mol H-2 mol(-1) (eq. hexose) (initial) for volumes higher than 15% of added hydrolyzate. Although acetate and butyrate were the main end-products found in the control, ethanol and lactate accumulated accordingly with the increasing addition of hydrolyzate. A clear shift of dominant microbial populations from Clostridium sp. to Sporolactobacillus sp. was concomitantly observed, suggesting a specific inhibition of the biohydrogen-producing bacteria by adding increasing volumes of hydrolyzates. Copyright (C) 2013, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.