In order to investigate the relationship between the type of polyol feed and three-dimensionally mesoporous carbon supports with different mesopore structures and sizes, aqueous phase reforming (APR) reactions of xylitol and glycerol were carried out in a continuous fixed bed reactor. The effect of reaction conditions such as the reaction temperature and pressure on the APR performance were studied in the range of 215-250 degrees C and 28-45 bar. Three-dimensionally bimodal mesoporous carbon (3D-BMC) with the larger secondary mesopores showed the best catalytic performance in terms of carbon conversion to gas, hydrogen yield, selectivity, and hydrogen production rate due to its unique mesoporous structure, regardless of the kind of polyol feed. In addition, the reaction temperature and pressure significantly affected catalytic performance in the APR of polyols. The product selectivity was dependent on the reaction conditions and the type of polyol feed. The hydrogen selectivity of glycerol was higher than that of xylitol, whereas alkane selectivity was higher for xylitol, and the selectivity increased significantly by promoting the reactions favorable for alkane formation with increased reaction temperature and pressure. Copyright (C) 2014, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.