This paper investigates the effects of nonmetallic additives on the grindability of iron grains using SEM-EDS and XRD. With different kinds of nonmetallic additives added to direct reduction systems, significant differences were noted in terms of particle size, morphology, and the relationship with slag of iron grains. With the addition of CaO + Na2CO3, CaCO3 + Na2CO3 or without an additive, high iron grain grindability cannot be achieved. However, when Na2CO3 is used, iron grindability is improved. Under optimal conditions, the grade of iron powder is 95.6%, and the recovery is 90.2%. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.