In this study we investigated the charging characteristics of a novel aerosol neutralizer (Surface-discharge Microplasma Aerosol Charger; SMAC) based on the dielectric barrier discharging. The surface discharge was induced by supplying positive and negative DC pulses with a pair of micro-structured electrodes. We confirmed the occurrence of the surface discharge by measuring the microdischarge current, and evaluated the charging performance of the SMAC as a particle neutralizer by measuring the penetration efficiency, neutralizing probability, and charge distribution for particles in the size range of 10-200 nm. The SMAC was found to obtain a particle penetration exceeding 90% for the whole particle size range. The neutral fraction obtained by the SMAC showed good agreement with a bipolar diffusion charging theory and the fraction obtained by an Am-241 radioactive source when the SMAC was optimized for aerosol neutralization with the offset voltage control. The charge distributions of negatively and positively charged particles by the SMAC and the Am-241 neutralizer were in good agreement also. The charge balance of positive and negative particles obtained by the SMAC was effectively controlled by adjusting the offset voltage on each electrode. This is the first study to demonstrate the successful use of dielectric barrier surface discharge to bring particles of 10-200 nm to an equilibrium charging state in a controllable manner. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.