In light of the established health risks of cigarette smoking, less harmful cigarettes (or potential reduced exposure products (PREPs)) have been marketed. Thus, it is of interest to analyze and compare the inhaled droplet dynamics of conventional and new composite cigarette smoke particles (CSPs). Inhalation pattern, hygroscopic growth and deposition of different composite cigarette smoke particles (CSPs) have been simulated numerically in a subject-specific human respiratory airway model from the mouth to generation G9. The validated computer model has been developed to consider the interaction of different deposition mechanisms, including impaction, sedimentation, diffusion, hygroscopic growth, coagulation, as well as possible cloud motion under different exposure and steady breathing conditions (e.g., puffing, post-puffing and twostep inhalation). The computer simulation results are consistent with numerous in-vivo and in-vitro studies as well as whole-lung modeling for deposition of conventional CSPs including hygroscopic growth and cloud motion. It is demonstrated that changes in cigarette composition significantly influence the hygroscopic growth of CSPs. In general, the growth rate of new composite CSPs is larger than the conventional one if the initial water mole-fraction is lower in the droplet. Hygroscopic growth of the new composite CSPs is not a significant mechanism leading to elevated deposition in the oral and tracheobronchial (TB) airways, provided that the relative humidity in the lungs does not exceed 99.5% and the droplet size does not exceed 3 mu m; however, enhanced deposition may occur if the particles can grow over 3 mu m. In this case, the deposition patterns of CSPs may be controlled by changing the primary composition, especially the initial ratio of water and glycerol. The simulation data with cloud diameters of 0.15-0.2 cm in the oral cavity and 0.5-0.6 cm in the trachea closely match the in-vivo lung deposition measurements of highly dense (conventional) CSPs. Specifically, preferred deposition occurs in the upper airway region, i.e., from the oral cavity to the second bifurcation, with deposition fractions of about 13-22% from the oral cavity to the larynx and 40-57% in the TB airways. This study is helpful for quantitatively evaluating the dose-exposure and subsequent health effects of both conventional and potentially less-harmful cigarettes. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.