High internal resistance is one main obstacle for the application of microbial desalination cell (MDC) at low salt concentration. To enhance desalination and electricity production of MDC at low salt concentration (<0.7 g/L NaCl), ion exchange resin (IER) was packed in a desalination chamber. The desalination profiles followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. For initial NaCI concentrations of 700 and 100 mg/L, compared to MDC without resin, the kinetic constant increased 2.5 times to 0.152 h(-1) and 3.9 times to 0.363 h(-1), respectively, while infinite concentration decreased 6.6 times to 7.13 mg/L and 2.6 times to 10.6 mg/L. On the other hand, the current and power density also increased with IER packing. The improved performance was due to the better transfer capacity and lower internal resistance with IER packing. The low effluent salinity would also benefit for the following deeper desalination process. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.