A series of amino acid functionalized titania submicrospheres were synthesized and incorporated into sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) to fabricate organic-inorganic hybrid proton exchange membranes. Pristine TiO2 with a uniform particle size of similar to 200 nm were synthesized and functionalized with four kinds of amino acids including oxidized L-cysteine, O-phospho-L-serine, aspartic acid and histidine, designated as TiO2-Scys, TiO2-Pser, TiO2-Asp and TiO2-His, respectively. The effects of amino acid attribute on the membrane properties were investigated. At the filler content of 15 wt%, the TiO2-Scys embedded membrane exhibited the highest proton conductivity of about 5.98 x 10(-3) S cm(-1) (20 degrees C, 100% RH), while the TiO2-His embedded membrane exhibited the lowest conductivity due to the strong acid-base interaction between the basic imidazole groups of histidine and the sulfuric acid groups of SPEEK. The TiO2-Pser embedded membrane exhibited the highest selectivity of 17.10 x 10(3) S s cm(-1). addition, the methanol crossover of the hybrid membranes was reduced by two folds, and the anti-swelling property and thermal stability of the hybrid membranes were also enhanced. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved,