A new kind of single layer fuel cell (SLFC) based on a composite material of Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-delta(SDC)-Na2CO3 and Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6-delta(SFM) is successfully fabricated and characterized. As a mixed ionic and electronic conductor, SFM provides more reaction areas than the triple phase boundary provided by a simple mixture of ionic conductor and electronic conductor. SDC-Na2CO3 is used to adjust the ratio of ionic and electronic conductivities. The influence of the SFM content on the electrochemical performance of the SLFC is examined. The pellet made of 30 wt.% SFM and 70 wt.% SDC-Na2CO3 exhibits the highest open circuit voltage of 1.05 V and output of 360 mW cm(-2) at 750 degrees C. Besides, by discussing influence factors of the OCV of the cell, the reason why the SLFC can give a similar OCV and output comparing with the conventional three-layer fuel cell, has been explained in detail. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.