A series of experiments with transesterification of rapeseed oil in supercritical methanol and supercritical ethanol was carried out in a batch reactor at various reaction temperatures (250-350 degrees C), working pressure (8-12 MPa), reaction time (7, 15 and 30 min), and at a constant 42:1 alcohol to oil molar ratio. The effect of alcohol, temperature, pressure and reaction time on biodiesel yield was investigated using linear multiple regression models. In the observed range, temperature has the highest impact on yields, followed by reaction time and pressure. The relative importance of time and pressure in explaining yields is higher in the case of transesterification in supercritical ethanol. The results of environmental life cycle assessment have revealed that contrary to general belief the usage of ethanol instead of methanol cannot improve the sustainability and renewability of the transesterification process significantly. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.