To determine the residual stresses in welded structures it is suggested to use the methods of holographic interferometry and electron speckle-interferometry which make it possible to determine the components of a space vector of displacements and to calculate the residual stresses. The residual stresses in welded structure elements, which are used in machine-building and aircraft industries, were determined using the above-mentioned methods. Compact instruments and devices for the holographic and electron speckle-interferometry methods of determination of residual stresses are described. The problems of prospects for use of the offered technology in industry are discussed.