The grain-orientation-dependent stresses in cold-rolled interstitial-free steel were investigated by constructing the stress-orientation distribution function from the lattice elastic strain distributions measured by the neutron diffraction technique. The experimental results give some insights into the development of the intergranular stresses and crystallographic textures as a function of deformation by cold rolling. The implications of the measured intergranular stresses for developing new models to simulate elastic-plastic behaviors in a polycrystalline material are discussed.