Materials Science Forum, Vol.423-4, 39-44, 2003
Large-size WC/Co functionally graded materials fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) method
Spark plasma sintering (SPS), also called the pressure assisted pulsed energizing process or the pulsed electric current sintering (PECS) process, is a promising technique for innovative processing in the field of new materials for the 21 st century. It offers applications in nano-phase materials, thermo-electric materials, composite materials, new wear-resistant materials and functionally graded materials (FGMs). In order to develop large-size bulk FGMs for industrial applications using the SPS method, the multi-layer composition, optimum sintering conditions, mechanical properties as well as manufacturing machine systems were investigated. Utilizing a fully automated production-type SPS system, a square-shaped large-size WC/Co cemented carbide hard-alloy FGM having 4 gradient layers of 100 mm (width) x 100 mm (length) x 40 mm (thickness) was homogeneously fabricated in less than one hour of continuous operation. The hardness of the top and bottom layers containing 6 wt% Co, 20 wt% Co were 20 and 9 GPa, respectively. Major applications of the WC/Co FGM are various press-stamping dies for the tools and die industry.