The structural and phase transformations and strengthening in nitrogen corrosion resistant steels resulting from thermomechanical treatment, as well as following tempering processes, have been investigated using X-ray diffraction analysis, light microscopy, hardness measurements and tensile testing. Combined data have been received about nitrogen interaction with alloying elements, distribution of nitrogen in a solid solution, peculiarities of deformed structure and strengthening of nitrogen-containing steels of various structural classes. Alloying of steels by the nitrogen leads to high strengthening and decreasing of the strip broadening at longitudinal rolling. The higher nitrogen and total alloying elements contents, the higher deformation strengthening. The nitrogen alloying enhances austenite stability and increases tendency to gamma-->epsilon-->alpha transformation during cold deformation. Cold deformation accelerates tempering processes in all steels studied. Prospects of using of the steels containing not high nitrogen quantity and methods of their thermomechanical strengthening were shown. HTMT is very effective for obtaining high and thermally stable structural strength of nitrogen-containing steels of all classes. The HTMT is most effective if used in a combination with dispersion hardening for ageing steels or in the case of metastable austenitic steels.