This paper highlights a computer-assisted alloying approach for designing ductile Nb solid solution alloys. An extension of this approach to improve the fracture resistance of Nb-based silicides, Laves phases, and in-situ composites is described and its utility is evaluated against experimental data. Possible application of this approach to designing Nb-based superalloys containing a microstructure of Nb (bcc) solid solution with ordered B2 or L1(2) intermetallics is elucidated to identify potential obstacles.