Materials Science Forum, Vol.461-464, 807-813, 2004
Chemical potential distribution and void formation in magnetite scale formed in oxidation of iron at 823K
Steam oxidation of Fe-Cr steel in superheater gives an outer scale of magnetite with many voids. This paper is intended to elucidate the void formation in the growing scale with the consideration of chemical potential distribution in the scale. The ion fluxes driven by the chemical potential gradients explain well the void formation, which appears in magnetite scale formed in oxidation of iron at 823 K.