Under a high-pressure condition, the wear characteristics of alloyed and unalloyed ductile cast iron were investigated. Mn, Cu, Si and Mo were chosen as alloying elements, and their effects on mechanical properties of hardness and toughness were correlated with wear properties. In most cases, high-pressure wear of alloyed and unalloyed DCI were sequentially developed by mild wear region followed by severe wear. The transition of wear mode was indicated by the drastic increase of friction, coefficient and wear rate. The observation of worn surface at mild-wear region suggested that wear had been concentrated at graphite phases, whereas severe wear mode damaged both of graphite and matrix. It was found that DCI alloyed with Si-Mo exhibited the most prominent resistance to the beginning of severe wear while the toughness of DO was also a crucial factor.