Grain refinement in a magnesium alloy AZ31 was studied in multi-directional forging (MDF) at a strain rate of 3x10-3s(-1) with decreasing temperature from 623K to 423K. The MDF was carried out up to large cumulative strains with changing the loading direction during decreasing temperature from pass to pass. The structural changes were characterized by generation of many mutually crossing kink bands at low strains, followed by development of very fine grains at large strains. The results showed that MDF with decreasing temperature can accelerate uniform generation of much finer grains, resulting in the minimal grain size of 0.36 mu m in a cumulative strain of 4.8 at 423K. The mechanism of grain refinement was discussed.