Thin slab direct rolling (TSDR) of microalloyed steels belongs to a new generation of thermomechanical treatments. TSDR shows some metallurgical peculiarities that significantly differentiate this process from the traditional route. This paper reviews some of these singularities, considering in a more detail those processing aspects which need to be optimized in order to obtain final homogeneous microstructures that bring about the strength and toughness levels required for specific applications.