During the last decade severe plastic deformation (SPD) has become a well established method of materials processing used for fabrication of ultrafine-grained materials with attractive proper-ties. Nowadays SPD processing is rapidly developing and is on the verge of a transition from lab-scale research to commercial production. This paper focuses on several new trends in the development of SPD techniques for effective grain refinement. The paper also presents new SPD processing routes to produce bulk nanocrystalline materials.