New opportunities for fabricating massive nanocrystalline materials in bulk quantities are required for facilitating the transition of nanocrystalline solids from laboratory samples to technologically relevant materials. Advanced options might be based on combining different nonequilibrium processing routes sequentially, such that an initially metastable state is continuously energized and successively driven farer away from thermodynamic equilibrium. The current paper presents recent results on the evolution of nanoscaled microstructures resulting from combinations of different plastic deformation treatments or of vitrification and severe plastic deformation.