Based on the mechanism of high antibacterial performance of copper, an antibacterial stainless steel bearing 1.5wt% copper was fabricated. Processing of vacuum arc melting, hot rolling, and a series of heat treatments were applied to prepare the specimens. The relationships among the microstructure, mechanical properties, and the regime of treatment were investigated. Furthermore, the antibacterial properties of the specimens were assessed. The results showed that fine and uniformed dispersion Cu-rich phase precipitated and accumulated along the grain boundaries of the matrix during the processing of aging, and a marked variation in tensile strength and yield strength was evaluated. In addition, antibacterial result showed that the as-received material has the ability to kill Staphylococcus and coliform bacteria in the excess of 99.99%, respectively.