The objective of this study is to synthesize the single phase aragonite precipitated calcium carbonate by the carbonation process in the Ca(OH)(2)-MgCl2-CO2 system. Many researchers reported the influence of Mg2+ ion on the synthetic properties. The inhibition of calcite nucleation and crystal growth, distortion of calcite lattice, and change of surface electrification were investigated. Variety of particle size and aspect ratio were observed according to changes in the concentration of Ca(OH)(2) slurry, temperature, and CO2 gas flow rate. The nucleation rate increased when decreasing the temperature and increasing the CO2 gas flow rate. Particle size and aspect ratio increased at high temperature, low CO2 gas flow rate, and high concentration of Ca(OH)(2) slurry, however small-sized aragonite was obtained at low temperature.