We demonstrate that pitch-converted carbon nanosheet (CNS) films can efficiently function as transparent conducting electrodes for polymer solar cells (PSCs). The solution-processed CNS film was prepared with spin-coating of a cost-effective pitch solution dissolved in dimethylformamide on quartz substrates, followed by stabilization and carbonization treatments to convert the pitch into CNS. The pitch-converted CNS films prepared by the successive heat-treatment process were examined as a novel transparent anode in solar cells, and as a result, PSCs fabricated directly on such CNS electrodes exhibited a high power conversion efficiency of similar to 1.7% under 100 mW cm(-2) illumination and AM 1.5 G conditions. This approach could be highly desirable for advancing the realization of fully printable and flexible low-cost transparent electrodes for indium tin oxide (ITO)-free polymer solar cells. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.