Field emission enhancement of polypyrrole due to band bending induced tunnelling in polypyrrole-carbon nanotubes nanocomposite

Namita Dutta Gupta; Supratim Maity; Kalyan Kumar Chattopadhyay

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.20, No.5, 3208-3213, September, 2014

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2013.11.067 Export Citation

Field emission enhancement of polypyrrole due to band bending induced tunnelling in polypyrrole-carbon nanotubes nanocomposite

Namita Dutta Gupta, Supratim Maity, and Kalyan Kumar Chattopadhyay^†

Thin Film and Nano Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India

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Polypyrrole.multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PPy-MWCNT) nanocomposites with high field emission characteristics have been fabricated by a very simple and effective in situ chemical polymerization technique that bypasses the need of de-agglomerating the MWCNT. Based on structural characterization, we have proposed formation of a three tier structure of PPy-MWCNTs composite with granular PPy on the top. Field emission studies, explained on the basis of band bending at the PPy-MWCNT interface, show drastic increase of field enhancement factor (~4664) and low turn on field (1.7 V/μm), opening new possibilities of improvement of PPy/PPy-MWCNT composites.

Keywords:Multiwalled carbon nanotubes;Polypyrroles;Nanocomposites;Field emission scanning electron;microscopy;Field emission

[References]

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Paul S, Kim JH, Kim DW, J. Electrochem. Sci. Technol., 2, 91 (2011)
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Yan H, Zhang L, Shen J, Chen Z, Shi G, Zhang B, Nanotechnology, 17, 3446 (2006)
Joo J, Kim BH, Park DH, Kim HS, Seo DS, Shim JH, Lee SJ, Ryu KS, Kim K, Jin JI, Lee TJ, Lee CJ, Synth. Met., 153, 313 (2005)
Branzoi V, Pilan L, Branzoi F, Electroanalysis, 21, 557 (2009)
Fang YP, Liu JW, Yu DJ, Wicksted JP, Kalkan K, Topal CO, Flanders BN, Wu JD, Li J, J. Power Sources, 195(2), 674 (2010)
Du JH, Bai J, Cheng HM, Polym. Lett., 1, 253 (2007)
Mylvaganam K, Zhang LC, Recent Pat. Nanotechnol., 1, 59 (2007)
Szleifer I, Yerushalmi-Rozen R, Polymer, 46(19), 7803 (2005)
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Breuer O, Sundararaj U, Polym. Compos., 25, 630 (2004)
Guo H, Zhu H, Lin H, Zhang J, Colloid Polym. Sci., 286, 587 (2008)
Chen GZ, Shaffer MSP, Coleby D, Dixon G, Zhou WZ, Fray DJ, Windle AH, Adv. Mater., 12(7), 522 (2000)
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Li LY, Wang WD, Laird ED, Li CY, Defaux M, Ivanov DA, Polymer, 52(16), 3633 (2011)
Nyden MR, Stoliarov SI, Polymer, 49(2), 635 (2008)
Nair R, Premlal B, Das A, Sood AK, Solid State Commun., 149, 150 (2009)
Ettedgui E, Razafitrimo H, Gao Y, Appl. Phys. Lett., 67, 2705 (1995)
Lange I, Blakesley JC, Frisch J, Vollmer A, Koch N, Neher D, Phys. Rev. Lett., 106, 216402 (2011)
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Giubileo F, Bartolomeo AD, Sarno M, Altavilla C, Santandrea S, Ciambelli P, Cucolo AM, Carbon, 50, 163 (2012)

[Referenced By]

[1] Dong H, Hu W, Encyclopedia of Radicals in Chemistry, Biology and Materials, Conducting Polymers: Applications in Electronics and Photovoltaics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012.

[2] Pan LJ, Qiu H, Dou CM, Li Y, Pu L, Xu JB, Shi Y, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 11(7), 2636 (2010)

[3] Paul S, Kim JH, Kim DW, J. Electrochem. Sci. Technol., 2, 91 (2011)

[4] Joo J, Lee SJ, Park DH, Lee JY, Lee TJ, Seo SH, Lee CJ, Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 8(4), H39 (2005)

[5] Kim BH, Park DH, Joo J, Yu SG, Lee SH, Synth. Met., 150, 279 (2005)

[6] Yan H, Zhang L, Shen J, Chen Z, Shi G, Zhang B, Nanotechnology, 17, 3446 (2006)

[7] Joo J, Kim BH, Park DH, Kim HS, Seo DS, Shim JH, Lee SJ, Ryu KS, Kim K, Jin JI, Lee TJ, Lee CJ, Synth. Met., 153, 313 (2005)

[8] Branzoi V, Pilan L, Branzoi F, Electroanalysis, 21, 557 (2009)

[9] Fang YP, Liu JW, Yu DJ, Wicksted JP, Kalkan K, Topal CO, Flanders BN, Wu JD, Li J, J. Power Sources, 195(2), 674 (2010)

[10] Du JH, Bai J, Cheng HM, Polym. Lett., 1, 253 (2007)

[11] Mylvaganam K, Zhang LC, Recent Pat. Nanotechnol., 1, 59 (2007)

[12] Szleifer I, Yerushalmi-Rozen R, Polymer, 46(19), 7803 (2005)

[13] Zhang B, Xu Y, Zheng Y, Dai L, Zhang M, Yang J, Chen Y, Chen X, Zhou J, Nanoscale. Res. Lett., 6, 431 (2011)

[14] Zhang XY, Manohar SK, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126(40), 12714 (2004)

[15] Yu YJ, Chu OY, Gao Y, Si ZH, Chen W, Wang ZQ, Xue G, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 43(23), 6105 (2005)

[16] Pumera M, Smid B, Peng X, Golberg D, Tang J, Ichinose I, Chem. Eur. J., 13, 7644 (2007)

[17] Breuer O, Sundararaj U, Polym. Compos., 25, 630 (2004)

[18] Guo H, Zhu H, Lin H, Zhang J, Colloid Polym. Sci., 286, 587 (2008)

[19] Chen GZ, Shaffer MSP, Coleby D, Dixon G, Zhou WZ, Fray DJ, Windle AH, Adv. Mater., 12(7), 522 (2000)

[20] Kim KK, Yoon SM, Choi JY, Lee J, Kim BK, Kim JM, Lee JH, Paik U, Park MH, Yang CW, An KH, Chung YS, Lee YH, Adv. Funct. Mater., 17(11), 1775 (2007)

[21] Connolly T, Smith RC, Hernandez Y, Gun’ko Y, Coleman JN, Carey JD, Small, 5, 826 (2009)

[22] Ma PC, Siddiqui NA, Marom G, Kim JK, Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf., 41, 1345 (2010)

[23] Cao AY, Xu CL, Liang J, Wu DH, Wei BQ, Chem. Phys. Lett., 344(1-2), 13 (2001)

[24] Rakhi RB, Sethupathi K, Ramaprabhu S, Appl. Surf. Sci., 254(21), 6770 (2008)

[25] Peng HS, Sun XM, Chem. Phys. Lett., 471(1-3), 103 (2009)

[26] Li LY, Wang WD, Laird ED, Li CY, Defaux M, Ivanov DA, Polymer, 52(16), 3633 (2011)

[27] Nyden MR, Stoliarov SI, Polymer, 49(2), 635 (2008)

[28] Nair R, Premlal B, Das A, Sood AK, Solid State Commun., 149, 150 (2009)

[29] Ettedgui E, Razafitrimo H, Gao Y, Appl. Phys. Lett., 67, 2705 (1995)

[30] Lange I, Blakesley JC, Frisch J, Vollmer A, Koch N, Neher D, Phys. Rev. Lett., 106, 216402 (2011)

[31] Son YW, Han S, Ihm J, New J. Phys., 5, 152 (2003)

[32] Chakrabarti S, Pan L, Tanka H, Hokushin S, Nakayama Y, Jpn. J. App. Phys., 46, 4364 (2007)

[33] Yi WK, Jeong T, Yu SG, Heo J, Lee C, Lee J, Kim W, Yoo JB, Kim J, Adv. Mater., 14(20), 1464 (2002)

[34] Kim JP, Noh YR, Kim JU, Park JS, Thin Solid Films, 519(22), 7899 (2011)

[35] Giubileo F, Bartolomeo AD, Sarno M, Altavilla C, Santandrea S, Ciambelli P, Cucolo AM, Carbon, 50, 163 (2012)