Photocatalytic conversion of 4-nitroaniline to p-phenylenediamine using Ni/ZnSn(OH)6 nanoparticles

R.M. Mohamed; E.S. Aazam

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.20, No.5, 3329-3334, September, 2014

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2013.12.016 Export Citation

Photocatalytic conversion of 4-nitroaniline to p-phenylenediamine using Ni/ZnSn(OH)6 nanoparticles

R.M. Mohamed^{1, 2, †}, and E.S. Aazam^{1, 3}

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
²Advanced Materials Department, Central Metallurgical R&D Institute, CMRDI, P.O. Box 87, Helwan, Cairo 11421, Egypt
³, Saudi Arabia

E-mail:

ZnSn(OH)6 nanoparticles were prepared using a hydrothermal method, and Ni was immobilised onto the surface of the ZnSn(OH)6 nanoparticles via a photo-assisted deposition (PAD) method. The samples produced were characterised using different techniques. The catalytic performances of the ZnSn(OH)6 and Ni/ZnSn(OH)6 samples were examined in the photoreduction of 4-nitroaniline to aniline under visible light. The UV-vis spectral analysis detected a red shift after loading the Ni onto the ZnSn(OH)6. The maximum photocatalytic reduction efficiency of 4-nitroaniline that was achieved was 100% after 60 min of reaction time with 0.3 Ni/ZnSn(OH)6 as the photocatalyst.

Keywords:ZnSn(OH)6;Ni doping;Synthesis of p-phenylenediamine;Visible photocatalyst

[References]

Clausen T, Schwan-Jonczyk A, Lang G, Schuh W, Liebscher KD, Springob C, Franzke M, Balzer W, Imhoff S, Maresch G, Bimczok R, Hair Preparations, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2006.
Engels H, Weidenhaupt H, Pieroth M, Hofmann W, Menting K, Mergenhagen T, Schmoll R, Uhrlandt S, Rubber, 4. Chemicals and Additives, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2004.
Smiley RA, Phenylene and Toluenediamines, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2000.
Harraz FA, Abdel-Salam OE, Mostafa AA, Mohamed RM, Hanafy M, J. Alloy. Compd., 551, 1 (2013)
Zhang YR, Wan J, Ke YQ, J. Hazard. Mater., 177(1-3), 750 (2010)
Tian GH, Fu HG, Jing LQ, Tian CG, J. Hazard. Mater., 161(2-3), 1122 (2009)
Sreekantan S, Wei LC, J. Alloy. Compd., 490, 436 (2010)
El-Toni AM, Yin S, Sato T, Ghannam T, Al-Hoshan M, Al-Salhi M, J. Alloy. Compd., 508, L1 (2010)
Velasco LF, Parra JB, Ania CO, Appl. Surf. Sci., 256(17), 5254 (2010)
Khataee AR, Fathinia M, Aber S, Zarei M, J. Hazard. Mater., 181(1-3), 886 (2010)
Yu HF, Yang ST, J. Alloy. Compd., 492, 695 (2010)
Naeem K, Ouyang F, Physica B, 405, 221 (2010)
Rossetto E, Petkowicz DI, dos Santos JHZ, Pergher SBC, Penha FG, Appl. Clay Sci., 48, 602 (2010)
Mohamed RM, Baeissa ES, J. Alloy. Compd., 558, 68 (2013)
Mohamed RM, Desalin. Water Treat., 50, 147 (2012)
Shu W, Liu Y, Peng Z, Chen K, Zhang C, Chen W, J. Alloy. Compd., 563, 229 (2013)
Yan H, Kochuveedu ST, Quan LN, Lee SS, Kim DH, J. Alloy. Compd., 560, 20 (2013)
Cao Y, Zhao Z, Yi Y, Ma C, Zhou D, Wang R, Li C, Qiu J, J. Alloy. Compd., 554, 12 (2013)
Mohamed RM, Aazam ES, Chin. J. Catal., 33, 247 (2012)
Mohamed RM, Aazam ES, J. Alloy. Compd., 509, 10132 (2011)
Mohamed RM, Aazam ES, Int. J. Photoenergy, Article ID 137328, 7 pp., 2011 (2011)
Mohamed RM, Mkhalid IA, J. Alloy. Compd., 501, 301 (2010)
Chen K, Feng X, Hu R, Li Y, Xie K, Li Y, Gu H, J. Alloy. Compd., 554, 72 (2013)
Mohamed RM, Mkhalid IA, J. Alloy. Compd., 501, 143 (2010)
Mohamed RM, Mori K, Yamashita H, Int. J. Nanopart., 2, 533 (2009)
Castillo N, Perez R, Martinez-Ortiz MJ, Diaz-Barriga L, Garcia L, Conde-Gallardo A, J. Alloy. Compd., 495, 453 (2010)
Abdelaal MY, Mohamed RM, J. Alloy. Compd., 576, 201 (2013)
Li ZH, Xie ZP, Zhang YF, Wu L, Wang XX, Fu XZ, J. Phys. Chem. C, 111, 18348 (2007)
Yan TJ, Wang XX, Long JL, Liu P, Fu XL, Zhang GY, Fu XZ, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 325(2), 425 (2008)
Meng S, Li D, Sun M, Li W, Wang J, Chen J, Fu X, Xiao G, Catal. Commun., 12, 972 (2011)
Xue H, Li ZH, Wu L, Ding ZX, Wang XX, Fu XZ, J. Phys. Chem. C, 112, 5850 (2008)

[1] Clausen T, Schwan-Jonczyk A, Lang G, Schuh W, Liebscher KD, Springob C, Franzke M, Balzer W, Imhoff S, Maresch G, Bimczok R, Hair Preparations, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2006.

[2] Engels H, Weidenhaupt H, Pieroth M, Hofmann W, Menting K, Mergenhagen T, Schmoll R, Uhrlandt S, Rubber, 4. Chemicals and Additives, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2004.

[3] Smiley RA, Phenylene and Toluenediamines, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2000.

[4] Harraz FA, Abdel-Salam OE, Mostafa AA, Mohamed RM, Hanafy M, J. Alloy. Compd., 551, 1 (2013)

[5] Zhang YR, Wan J, Ke YQ, J. Hazard. Mater., 177(1-3), 750 (2010)

[6] Tian GH, Fu HG, Jing LQ, Tian CG, J. Hazard. Mater., 161(2-3), 1122 (2009)

[7] Sreekantan S, Wei LC, J. Alloy. Compd., 490, 436 (2010)

[8] El-Toni AM, Yin S, Sato T, Ghannam T, Al-Hoshan M, Al-Salhi M, J. Alloy. Compd., 508, L1 (2010)

[9] Velasco LF, Parra JB, Ania CO, Appl. Surf. Sci., 256(17), 5254 (2010)

[10] Khataee AR, Fathinia M, Aber S, Zarei M, J. Hazard. Mater., 181(1-3), 886 (2010)

[11] Yu HF, Yang ST, J. Alloy. Compd., 492, 695 (2010)

[12] Naeem K, Ouyang F, Physica B, 405, 221 (2010)

[13] Rossetto E, Petkowicz DI, dos Santos JHZ, Pergher SBC, Penha FG, Appl. Clay Sci., 48, 602 (2010)

[14] Mohamed RM, Baeissa ES, J. Alloy. Compd., 558, 68 (2013)

[15] Mohamed RM, Desalin. Water Treat., 50, 147 (2012)

[16] Shu W, Liu Y, Peng Z, Chen K, Zhang C, Chen W, J. Alloy. Compd., 563, 229 (2013)

[17] Yan H, Kochuveedu ST, Quan LN, Lee SS, Kim DH, J. Alloy. Compd., 560, 20 (2013)

[18] Cao Y, Zhao Z, Yi Y, Ma C, Zhou D, Wang R, Li C, Qiu J, J. Alloy. Compd., 554, 12 (2013)

[19] Mohamed RM, Aazam ES, Chin. J. Catal., 33, 247 (2012)

[20] Mohamed RM, Aazam ES, J. Alloy. Compd., 509, 10132 (2011)

[21] Mohamed RM, Aazam ES, Int. J. Photoenergy, Article ID 137328, 7 pp., 2011 (2011)

[22] Mohamed RM, Mkhalid IA, J. Alloy. Compd., 501, 301 (2010)

[23] Chen K, Feng X, Hu R, Li Y, Xie K, Li Y, Gu H, J. Alloy. Compd., 554, 72 (2013)

[24] Mohamed RM, Mkhalid IA, J. Alloy. Compd., 501, 143 (2010)

[25] Mohamed RM, Mori K, Yamashita H, Int. J. Nanopart., 2, 533 (2009)

[26] Castillo N, Perez R, Martinez-Ortiz MJ, Diaz-Barriga L, Garcia L, Conde-Gallardo A, J. Alloy. Compd., 495, 453 (2010)

[27] Abdelaal MY, Mohamed RM, J. Alloy. Compd., 576, 201 (2013)

[28] Li ZH, Xie ZP, Zhang YF, Wu L, Wang XX, Fu XZ, J. Phys. Chem. C, 111, 18348 (2007)

[29] Yan TJ, Wang XX, Long JL, Liu P, Fu XL, Zhang GY, Fu XZ, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 325(2), 425 (2008)

[30] Meng S, Li D, Sun M, Li W, Wang J, Chen J, Fu X, Xiao G, Catal. Commun., 12, 972 (2011)

[31] Xue H, Li ZH, Wu L, Ding ZX, Wang XX, Fu XZ, J. Phys. Chem. C, 112, 5850 (2008)