화학공학소재연구정보센터
홈 로그인 로그아웃 연락처 사이트맵
Macromolecular Research, Vol.22, No.9, 963-970, September, 2014
DOI10.1007/s13233-014-2142-6  Export Citation
Thermo-responsive copolymers with ionic group as novel draw solutes for forward osmosis processes
Jin-joo Kim, Jae-Seung Chung1, Hyo Kang1, Yun Ah Yu, Won Jae Choi, Hee Joong Kim, and Jong-Chan Lee†
  • School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
  • 1Materials R&D Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi, 446-712, Korea
E-mail:
Thermo-responsive copolymers containing ionic groups (P(MTxEOy), where x and y are the feed molar percent of [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (MTAC) and 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate (MEO), respectively) were synthesized via free radical polymerization using MTAC and MEO as monomers, in order to use the copolymers as a draw solute in a forward osmosis (FO) system. The osmotic pressure and lower critical solution temperature (LCST) could be controlled by changing the composition of the copolymers. For example, P(MT25EO75) shows a relatively high osmotic pressure of 0.909 Osmol/kg at 0.2 g/mL, and P(MT5EO95) shows a LCST close to room temperature at 32 °C. When P(MT20EO80) was used as a draw solute in the FO system, a reasonable water permeation flux value of 5.45 Lm-2h-1 at 0.1 g/mL was observed and the draw solute (P(MT20EO80)) could be recovered with a very large draw solute recovery value of 99.80% from the draw solutions by heating to 70 °C, above the LCST, followed by a microfiltration process. Therefore, it is expected that such copolymer system could be a prospective candidate as a draw solute in the FO system.
Keywords:draw solution;LCST polymers;ionic polymers;forward osmosis
  1. Cath TY, Childress AE, Elimelech M, J. Membr. Sci., 281(1-2), 70 (2006)
  2. Cath TY, Gormly S, Beaudry EG, Flynn MT, Miller GC, Hunter KW, Childress AE, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 7381 (2006)
  3. Tang WL, Ng HY, Desalination, 224(1-3), 143 (2008)
  4. Kravath RE, Davis JA, Desalination, 16, 151 (1975)
  5. Chanukya BS, Patil S, Rastogi NK, Desalination, 312, 39 (2013)
  6. Semiat R, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 8193 (2008)
  7. Loeb S, Desalination, 141(1), 85 (2001)
  8. Bowden KS, Achilli A, Childress AE, Bioresour. Technol., 122, 207 (2012)
  9. Shen JY, He R, Han WQ, Sun XY, Li JS, Wang LJ, J. Hazard. Mater., 172(2-3), 595 (2009)
  10. Jiao B, Cassano A, Drioli E, J. Food Eng., 63(3), 303 (2004)
  11. Petrotos KB, Lazarides HN, J. Food Eng., 49(2-3), 201 (2001)
  12. Shannon MA, Bohn PW, Elimelech M, Georgiadis JG, Marinas BJ, Mayes AM, Nature, 452, 301 (2008)
  13. Freeman BD, Piannau I, in Advanced Materials for Membrane Separations, American Chemical Society, Washington D. C., Vol. 876, p 1. (2004)
  14. Kim DG, Kang H, Han S, Lee JC, J. Mater. Chem., 22, 8654 (2012)
  15. Kim DG, Kang H, Han S, Lee JC, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 4, 5898 (2012)
  16. Kim DG, Kang H, Choi YS, Han S, Lee JC, Polym. Chem., 4, 5065 (2013)
  17. Ge QC, Ling MM, Chung TS, J. Membr. Sci., 442, 225 (2013)
  18. Xu Y, Peng XY, Tang CYY, Fu QSA, Nie SZ, J. Membr. Sci., 348(1-2), 298 (2010)
  19. Chung TS, Li X, Ong RC, Ge Q, Wang H, Han G, Curr. Opin. Chem. Eng., 1, 246 (2012)
  20. Moody CD, Kessler JO, Desalination, 18, 283 (1976)
  21. Kravath RE, Davis JA, Desalination, 16, 151 (1975)
  22. Achilli A, Cath TY, Childress AE, J. Membr. Sci., 364(1-2), 233 (2010)
  23. Phuntsho S, Shon HK, Hong S, Lee S, Vigneswaran S, J. Membr. Sci., 375(1-2), 172 (2011)
  24. Tan CH, Ng HY, Desalin. Water Treat., 13, 356 (2010)
  25. McCutcheon JR, McGinnis RL, Elimelech M, Desalination, 174(1), 1 (2005)
  26. McCutcheon JR, McGinnis RL, Elimelech M, J. Membr. Sci., 278(1-2), 114 (2006)
  27. Ling MM, Wang KY, Chung TS, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 49(12), 5869 (2010)
  28. Li XM, Xu G, Liu Y, He T, Nanosci. Nanotechnol. Asia, 1, 14 (2011)
  29. Kim YC, Han S, Hong S, Water Sci. Technol., 64, 469 (2011)
  30. Ling MM, Chung TS, Desalination, 278(1-3), 194 (2011)
  31. Ling MM, Chung TS, Lu X, Chem. Commun., 47, 10788 (2011)
  32. Yen SK, Haja FM, Su ML, Wang KY, Chung TS, J. Membr. Sci., 364(1-2), 242 (2010)
  33. Li D, Zhang X, Yao J, Simon GP, Wang H, Chem. Commun., 47, 1710 (2011)
  34. Li D, Zhang X, Simon GP, Wang H, Water Res., 47, 209 (2012)
  35. Li D, Zhang X, Yao J, Zeng Y, Simon GP, Wang H, Soft Matter, 7, 10048 (2011)
  36. Ge Q, Su J, Amy GL, Chung TS, Water Res., 46, 1318 (2012)
  37. Ou RW, Wang YQ, Wang HT, Xu TW, Desalination, 318, 48 (2013)
  38. Cai Y, Shen W, Wang R, Krantz WB, Fane AG, Hu X, Chem. Commun., 49, 8377 (2013)
  39. Noh M, Mok Y, Lee S, Kim H, Lee SH, Jin GW, Seo JH, Koo H, Park TH, Lee Y, Chem. Commun., 48, 3845 (2012)
  40. Stone ML, Rae C, Stewart FF, Wilson AD, Desalination, 312, 124 (2013)
  41. Ge Q, Chung TS, Chem. Comm., 49, 8471 (2013)
  42. Stone ML, Wilson AD, Harrup MK, Stewart FF, Desalination, 312, 130 (2012)
  43. Weber C, Hoogenboom R, Schubert US, Prog. Polym. Sci., 37, 686 (2012)
  44. Barton AFM, Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters, CRC Press, Boca Raton (1983)
  45. Ulf WG, Polymer Physics, Kluwer Academic Publishers, London (2001)
  46. Flory PJ, Orwoll RA, Vrij A, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 85, 3515 (1964)
  47. Wei Z, Yu Q, Gan Z, Macromol. Res., 20(3), 313 (2012)
  48. Liu R, Fraylich M, Saunders BR, Colloid Polym. Sci., 287, 627 (2009)
  49. Dai S, Ravi P, Tam KC, Soft Matter, 5, 2513 (2009)
  50. Liu Y, Liu XY, Liu HJ, Cheng F, Chen Y, Macromol. Res., 20(6), 578 (2012)
  51. Odian G, Principles of Polymerization, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken (2004)
  52. Cho HS, Chung JS, Shim J, Kim JJ, Choi WJ, Lee JC, Macromol. Res., 20(7), 732 (2012)
  53. Coote ML, Davis TP, Prog. Polym. Sci., 24, 1217 (1999)
  54. Vijayanand PS, Kato S, Satokawa S, Kojima T, Eur. Polym. J., 43, 2046 (2007)
  55. Zou YQ, Brooks DE, Kizhakkedathu JN, Macromolecules, 41(14), 5393 (2008)
  56. Puvvada S, Blankschtein D, J. Phys. Chem., 93, 7753 (1989)
  57. Lord RCC, Postgrad. Med. J., 75, 67 (1999)
  58. Ou Y, Sokoloff JB, Stevens M, J. Phys. Rev. E, 85, 7 (2012)
  59. Chelki L, Phuntsho S, Shon HK, Vigneswaran S, Kandasamy J, Chana A, Desalination Water Treat., 43, 167 (2012)
  60. Gu B, Kim DY, Kim JH, Yang DR, J. Membr. Sci., 379(1-2), 403 (2011)
  61. McGinnis RL, Elimelech M, Desalination, 207(1-3), 370 (2007)
  62. Gao X, Kucerka N, Nieh MP, Katsaras J, Zhu SP, Brash JL, Sheardown H, Langmuir, 25(17), 10271 (2009)
  63. Cohen-Tanugi D, McGovern RK, Dave SH, Lienhard JH, Grossman JC, Energy Environ. Sci., 7, 1134 (2014)
  64. Liu C, Rainwater K, Song LF, Desalination, 276(1-3), 352 (2011)
  65. Laborie S, Cabassud C, Durand-Bourlier L, Laine JM, Desalination, 118(1-3), 189 (1998)
  66. Ammar Y, Joyce S, Norman R, Wang YD, Roskilly AP, Appl. Energy, 89(1), 3 (2012)
  67. Macharg J, Seacord TF, Sessions B, Desalination & Water Reuse, Faversham House, East Grinstead (2008)