Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.21, 489-493, January, 2015
Regular emission characteristics of HFC-134a from mobile air conditioners
E-mail:
This paper describes the regular emission characteristics and model of HFC-134a from the mobile air conditioners (MACs) of passenger vehicles excluding van and sports utility vehicle (SUV) at the use- and disposal-phase. The fugitive emission model of HFC-134a from MAC developed here assumed that the emission process would be expressed by the first-order kinetics. The apparent fugitive emission constant of HFC-134a from MAC in passenger vehicles is estimated to be 0.0526 ± 0.0024 yr1 within a confidence interval of 95%, leading to the emission factor (EF) of 5.1 ± 0.4% yr-1. The average residual rate of HFC-134a is 55.6 ± 1.1% in scrap passenger vehicles with an average age of 12.4 years. The average emission rate per vehicle is determined to be 24.6 g yr-1 at the use-phase and 383.4 g per scrap passenger. Based on the
excellent duplication of the measured residual rates of scrap passenger vehicles by the predicted ones by the emission model developed here, it is concluded that the emission model and apparent fugitive emission constants are reasonably appropriate for representing the regular emission characteristics of HFC-134a from MAC of passenger vehicles.
Keywords:Regular emission model;Emission factor;Greenhouse gas;HFC-134a;Refrigerant;Mobile air conditioner
- IPCC, Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, IPCC 3 (7) 7.80-7.92. (2006)
- Schwarz W, Harisch J, Koppenol A, Vainio M, Establishing HFC use-phase emissions rates of mobile air conditioners in passenger cars, in: Fourth International Symposium on Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases, 4-6 July, Utrecht (2005)
- Japan Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (JMETI), www.meti.go.jp/committee/materials2/downloadfiles/g90317a02j.pdf. (2009)
- KMLTM, Automobile Registration Status Report, Korea Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime (KMLTM), https://stat.mltm.go.kr/portal/main. (2010)
- Schwarz W, Emission of refrigerant R-134a from mobile air conditioning systems, in: Technical Report. 360/09/006. Oko-Recherche GmbH, http://www.oekorecherche.de/english/berichte/volltext/MAC-LOSS-2001.pdf. (2001)
- Schwarz W, Harnisch J, Establishing the leakage rates of mobile air conditioners, in: Final Report. B4-3040/2002/337136/MAR/C1. Oko-Recherche GmbH (2003)
- Siegl WO, Wallington TJ, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 561 (2002)
- Stemmler K, O’doherty S, Buchmann B, Reinmann S, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 1998 (2004)