Rod-like goethite/parabutlerite nanocomposites were synthesized, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The diameter of the obtained nanocomposites was less than 4 nm. Several experiments were performed to investigate the removal properties towards As(V) ions, including adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherm, influences of solution pH and some coexisting anions, and regeneration of the adsorbent. The maximal adsorption capacity was 37.09 mg g(-1) at pH 7.0. In addition, the as-prepared nanocomposites could be readily regenerated using NaOH solution and be repeatedly used. The As(V) removal mechanism was revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in detail. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.