Peripheral nerve injury induces neuropathic pain which is characterized by tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. N-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (VDCC) plays pivotal roles in the development of neuropathic pain, since mice lacking Ca(v)2.2, the pore-forming subunit of N-type VDCC, show greatly reduced symptoms of both tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Our study on gene expression profiles of the Ca(v)2.2 knockout (KO) spinal cord after spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-injury revealed altered expression of genes known to be expressed in microglia, raising an odd idea that N-type VDCC may function in not only excitable (neurons) but also non-excitable (microglia) cells in neuropathic pain state. In the present study, we have tested this idea by using a transgenic mouse line, in which suppression of Ca(v)2.2 expression can be achieved specifically in microglia/macrophage by the application of tamoxifen. We found SNL-operated transgenic mice exhibited greatly reduced signs of tactile allodynia, whereas the degree of thermal hyperalgesia was almost the same as that of control. Immunohistochemical analysis of the transgenic lumbar spinal cord revealed reduced accumulation of Iba1-positive cells (microglia/macrophage) around the injured neurons, indicating microglial N-type VDCC is important for accumulation of microglia at the lesion sites. Although the mechanism of its activation is not clear at present, activation of N-type VDCC expressed in non-excitable microglial cells contributes to the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.