This study proposes an eight-lump kinetic model to describe the reaction behavior of the vacuum residue (VR) catalytic cracking in a conceptual catalytic cracking process. The proposed lump model has 20 kinetic constants and one for catalyst deactivation, which is specifically suitable for a VR catalytic cracking process. In this reaction system, the VR is divided into three lumps on the basis of the composition of the structure group, so as to expand the application of the model. The experimental data were obtained from a fixed fluidized-bed reactor and a pilot plant. The kinetic constants were estimated using a special program compiled on the basis of Marquardts algorithm. The model shows high simulation accuracy, with the predicted yields being in close agreement with the experimental results. In addition, model simulations were performed to determine the effects of two parameters on product yields. By setting the unit characteristic factors, the model was applied to a pilot plant, and the concentration profiles of the components along the reactor were described.