The structures of typical organic species in Jincheng No. 15 anthracite (J15A) were characterized by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry in combination with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry analyses of the resulting soluble organic species from ruthenium-ion-catalyzed oxidation (RICO) of J15A. The results show that the typical organic species in J15A are condensed aromatics, along with small amounts of methyl group as the dominant side chain on the condensed aromatic rings (CARs) and methylene linkage connecting the CARs. Every aromatic cluster contains five rings on average, and the substituted degree of each aromatic ring is very low. In addition, J15A is rich in peri-condensed aromatics but poor in cata-condensed aromatics and polyaryls. The oxygen functional groups in J15A include C-O and >C=O groups. Pyrrolic nitrogen species and arylthiophenes are the main organic nitrogen and sulfur species in J15A, respectively.