This in vitro study investigates the bonding capacity of resin cements to dowels, using the push-out bonding strength of four different dowel systems, namely, stainless steel dowels (SSD), resin-supported polyethylene fiber dowels (RSPFD), zirconia dowels (ZD), and superpost glass fiber dowels (GFD), luted in root canals, using two different resin cements, namely, Multilink Automix Cement and Clearfil Esthetic Cement. Ninety-six maxillary central incisor teeth were sectioned below the cementoenamel junction, and the roots were treated endodontically. Then the roots were placed into four groups, based on the dowel systems used. The roots were further placed into two subgroups, based on the cement type used as subgroup A and subgroup B. Push-out bonding tests were performed on the bonded specimens, which were cut into 1mm thick sections. A two-way ANOVA test and Tukey's HSD tests were performed. The push-out bonding strength values for SSD, ZD, and RSPFD were not significantly different (p>0.05). The means for GFD were significantly higher than the means for ZD (p<0.05) when Multilink Automix Cement was used. However, when Clearfil Esthetic Cement was used, the means for RSPFD were significantly higher (p<0.001) than the means for the other systems. When Clearfil Esthetic Cement was used, the RSPF dowel system provided significantly higher bonding strength values than the other systems.