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Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol.161, No.12, D601-D612, 2014
The Effect of Surface Charge on the Deposition Rate of Particles with Metals
The influence of zeta-potential on the electrodeposition of particles with metals was investigated by the codeposition of three different types of particles (BaSO4, CaF2 and K1.33Mn8O16) with three different metals (nickel, copper and zinc) from seven different, unsupported (binary) and well-supported plating solutions across the whole pH range. The surface charge of the particles in the plating solutions was modified by adding potential determining ions that are electrochemically silent. The surface charging behavior of the different particles was determined in indifferent electrolytes and in diluted plating baths. In all cases, making the surface potential more positive increased the deposition rate of particles, while if the surface charge is reduced or made negative, the deposition rate of particles decreased. By comparing the magnitudes of the different forces acting on particles and how they are affected by changes in the surface charge of the particles, we conclude that the change in the codeposition are due to either a change in the mass transport of particles by the electrophoretic force or a change in the particle-electrode adhesion due to the double layer force. (c) 2014 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.