Multifunctional nanoparticles for selectively targeting tumor cells and effectively delivering multiple drugs are urgently needed in cancer therapy. Here, a dual-drug delivery system is prepared, based on functionalized hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs). Doxorubicin (DOX) hydrochloride is loaded into the hollow core, and dichloro(1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum (II) (DACHPt) is stored in the pores of the shell by the coordination interaction with the carboxyl groups modified on the pore walls, which also serves as barriers to control the DOX release. Detailed studies in vitro indicate that the DACHPt release is triggered by Cl- through the cleavage of the coordination interaction, and the DOX release depends on the release rate of DACHPt and the environmental pH value. The surface of the mechanized nanoparticles is also modified by transferrin (Tf) to achieve the tumor specificity. Compared with individual drug delivery systems, the dual-drug delivery system shows synergistic efficacy on the cell cytotoxicity (combination index = 0.30), resulting in improved tumor cell killing. The present dual-drug delivery system provides a promising strategy to develop controlled and targeted combination therapies for efficient cancer treatment.