Hybrid composite membrane materials and membranes on their basis containing various nanoparticles dispersed in polymer matrices attract significant attention of researchers. Different types of these materials in relation to their use for membrane gas separation are surveyed. The behavior of different types of additives is considered: nonporous oxides such as SiO2 and TiO2, metal-organic frameworks, and carbon nanotubes. It is shown that introduction of nanoparticles in many cases results in simultaneous enhancement of permeability and gas separation selectivity. The results obtained with hollow fiber membranes of this type are discussed. Problems arising during operation with this type of materials and possible ways of resolving them are considered.