Tylosin production in hash and jar fermenter culture of Streptomyces, fradiae using seven different vegetable oils as sole carbon sources was investigated. Among the vegetable oils, rapeseed oil was the best carbon source for tylosin production. When the initial rapeseed oil concentration was 60 g/l, the maximum tylosin concentration reached was 7.0 g/l, which was about 1.6- and 7-fold that reached using starch and glucose, respectively, at the same initial concentration. Although oil consumption increased with increasing agitation rate, the highest tylosin yield was obtained using an agitation rate of 400 rpm. This indicates that in the case of using an insoluble carbon source, use of an appropriate agitation rate is important for efficient production of tylosin.