Effect of pore sizes of silk scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering

Kap-Soo Han; Jeong Eun Song; Nirmalya Tripathy; Hyeongseok Kim; Bo Mi Moon; Chan Hum Park; Gilson Khang

Macromolecular Research, Vol.23, No.12, 1091-1097, December, 2015

DOI10.1007/s13233-015-3156-4 Export Citation

Effect of pore sizes of silk scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering

Kap-Soo Han, Jeong Eun Song¹, Nirmalya Tripathy¹, Hyeongseok Kim¹, Bo Mi Moon², Chan Hum Park², and Gilson Khang^{1, †}

School of Medicine, Chonbuk National Univ., Medical School, 20 Gungiro, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
¹Department of BIN Fusion Tech., Polymer Fusion Res. Center & Dept. of Polymer·Nano Sci Tech, Chonbuk National Univ., 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
²Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, Hallym University, Okcheon-dong 1, Chuncheon, 200-702, Korea

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of silk fibroin scaffold, a natural biodegradable polymer scaffold, on the adhesive and proliferative behaviors of chondrocytes. Various silk fibroin scaffolds were produced using the salt extraction method, and scaffolds with different pore sizes (90-180, 180-250, 250-355, and 355-425 μm) were constructed based on the size of the salt particles. Chondrocytes were seeded on the scaffolds and incubated. The produced scaffolds were analyzed with Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and exhibited characteristics similar to those of natural silk in terms of chemical composition and structure. Moreover, we found that the mechanical strength decreased as the pore size increased. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed the existence of pores in the silk fibroin scaffold. Additionally, scaffolds with smaller pore sizes facilitated improved cell adhesion. Using MTT analysis, we found that scaffold with pore sizes of 90-180 and 180-250 μm provided the best environment for cell proliferation. The amount levels of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and collagen were highest for scaffolds with a pore size of 90-180 μm. In gene expression analysis, scaffolds with pore sizes of 90-180 and 180-250 μm showed the highest expression of the chondrocytes marker aggrecan and type II collagen. Collectively, these data suggest that silk fibroin scaffolds with smaller pore sizes (90-250 μm) provide the best environment for adhesion and proliferation of chondrocytes.

Keywords:chondrocytes;silk fibroin;pore;scaffold;cartilage regeneration

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[2] Schumann D, Ekaputra AK, Lam CX, Hutmacher DW, Methods Mol. Med., 140, 101 (2007)

[3] Vats A, Tolley NS, Polak JM, Gough JE, Clin. Otolaryngol. Allied Sci., 28, 165 (2003)

[4] Lee SJ, Int. J. Tissue Regen., 4, 89 (2013)

[5] Niemansburg SL, van Delden JJ, Oner FC, Dhert WJ, Bredenoord AL, Spine J., 14, 1029 (2014)

[6] French A, Suh JY, Suh CY, Rubin L, Barker R, Bure K, Reeve B, Brindley DA, Trends Biotechnol., 32, 436 (2014)

[7] Atala A, J. Pediatr. Surg., 47, 17 (2012)

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[9] Li LM, Han M, Khang G, Gao JQ, Int. J. Tissue Regen., 4, 65 (2013)

[10] Yan LP, Oliveira JM, Oliveira AL, Caridade SG, Mano JF, Reis RL, Acta Biomater., 8, 289 (2012)

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[12] Wang Y, Blasioli DJ, Kim HJ, Kim HS, Kaplan DL, Biomaterials, 27, 4434 (2006)

[13] O’Brien FJ, Harley BA, Waller MA, Yannas IV, Gibson LJ, Prendergast PJ, Technol. Health Care, 15, 3 (2007)

[14] Murphy CM, Haugh MG, O’Brien FJ, Biomaterials, 31, 461 (2010)

[15] Lane C, Boulton J, Adv. Biophys., 63, 125 (1987)

[16] Wilkes GL, Samuels SL, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 7, 541 (1973)

[17] Norton L, Chvapil M, J. Trauma, 21, 463 (1981)

[18] Quinn KJ, Courtney JM, Evans JH, Gaylor JDS, Reid WH, Biomaterials, 6, 369 (1985)

[19] Le Bail P, Morin FG, Marchessault RH, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 26, 193 (1999)

[20] Yoo MK, Kweon HY, Lee KG, Lee HC, Cho CS, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 34, 263 (2004)

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[27] Han Q, Fan L, Heng BC, Ge Z, Int. J. Tissue Regen., 4, 61 (2013)

[28] Khaled EG, Saleh M, Hindocha S, Open Orthop. J., 5, 289 (2011)

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[30] Zhang Q, Lu H, Kawazoe N, Chen G, Acta Biomater., 10, 2005 (2014)

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