화학공학소재연구정보센터
홈 로그인 로그아웃 연락처 사이트맵
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.34, 213-223, February, 2016
DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2015.11.014  Export Citation
Activated bentonite as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions: Batch and column studies
Radheshyam R. Pawar, Lalhmunsiama1, Hari C. Bajaj2, †, and Seung-Mok Lee†
  • Department of Energy and Environment Convergence Technology, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 210701, South Korea
  • 1Department of Environmental Engineering, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 210701, South Korea
  • 2Central Salt, Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
E-mail:,
In this study, the effects of acid activation with high bentonite contents under mild synthetic conditions on textural and structural properties were explored. The alteration features after activation were fully characterized with the help of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer.Emmett. Teller (BET) surface area, Barrett.Joyner.Halenda (BJH) pore size and volume analyses. The active sites were examined using volumetric titration and confirmed with a pyridine adsorbed FT-IR study. The activated bentonite (ABn) was further utilized for the removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Batch reactor studies showed that the removal of these toxic metal ions was favored by increases in the pH, initial metal concentrations, contact time, and dose of the adsorbents. The equilibrium data obtained at various initial concentrations reasonably fit well with the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The adsorption process was fast and the kinetic data fit better to the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The presence of other heavy metal ions, such as Cd(II), Fe(II), and Mn(II), did not significantly suppress the removal of both the Cu(II) and Pb(II); whereas the other cations, such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ caused a notable decrease in the Pb(II) removal. In addition, the breakthrough data obtained in the column studies fit well with the non-linear Thomas equation, and high loading capacities of Cu(II) and Pb(II) were obtained. Therefore, we demonstrated in this study that the low cost ‘ABn’ solid can be employed as a potential adsorbent for the effective treatment of aqueous waste contaminated with Cu(II) and Pb(II).
Keywords:Bentonite;Acid activation;Adsorbent;Cu(II);Pb(II)
  1. Zhou D, Kim DG, Ko SO, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2014.09.020., 24, 132 (2015)
  2. Lee SM, Lalhmunsiama, Tiwari D, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2310-9., 21(5), 3686 (2014)
  3. Demirbas E, Dizge N, Sulak MT, Kobya M, Chem. Eng. J., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2008.09.027., 148(2-3), 480 (2009)
  4. Ennigrou DJ, Ali MB, Dhahbi M, Desalination, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2013.11.006., 343, 82 (2014)
  5. Awual MR, Ismael M, Khaleque MA, Yaita T, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2013.10.009., 20(4), 2332 (2014)
  6. Lalhmunsiama, Lee SM, Tiwari D, Chem. Eng. J., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.03.083., 225, 128 (2013)
  7. Lalhruaitluanga H, Jayaram K, Prasad MNV, Kumar KK, J. Hazard. Mater., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.005., 175(1-3), 311 (2010)
  8. Mazaheri H, Ghaedi M, Hajati S, Dashtian K, Purkait MK, RSC Adv., http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5RA06731F., 5(101), 83427 (2015)
  9. Salem RASA, Chem. Eng. J., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.09.075., 174(2), 619 (2011)
  10. Vukovic GD, Marinkovic AD, Skapin SD, Ristic MD, Aleksic R, Peric-Grujic AA, Uskokovic PS, Chem. Eng. J., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.08.036., 173(3), 855 (2011)
  11. Roosta M, Ghaedi M, Daneshfar A, Sahraei R, Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2013.10.116., 122, 223 (2014)
  12. Jamshidi M, Ghaedi M, Dashtian K, Ghaedi AM, Hajati S, Goudarzi A, Alipanahpou E, Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2015.08.024., 153, 257 (2015)
  13. Jamshidi M, Ghaedi M, Dashtian K, Hajati S, Bazrafshan A, RSC Adv., http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5RA10981G., 5(73), 59522 (2015)
  14. Azad FN, Ghaedi M, Dashtian K, Montazerozohori M, Hajati S, Alipanahpour E, RSC Adv., http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5RA08746E., 5(75), 61060 (2015)
  15. Bhattacharyya KG, Gupta SS, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2007.12.008., 140(2), 114 (2008)
  16. Bhatt AS, Sakaria PL, asudevan M, Pawar RR, Sudheesh N, Bajaj HC, Mody HM, RSC Adv., http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C2RA20347B., 2(23), 8663 (2012)
  17. Patel HA, Joshi GV, Pawar RR, Bajaj HC, Jasra RV, Polym. Compos., http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.20816., 31(3), 399 (2010)
  18. Wang YDS, Appl. Clay Sci., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2008.07.028., 43(2), 164 (2009)
  19. Suuronen JP, Matusewicz M, Olin M, Serimaa R, Appl. Clay Sci., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2014.08.015., 101, 401 (2014)
  20. Kul AR, Koyuncu H, J. Hazard. Mater., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.03.009., 179(1-3), 332 (2010)
  21. Brigatti MF, Galan E, Theng BKG, Dev. Clay Sci., 19-86 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1572-4352(05)01000., 1, 19 (2006)
  22. Lee SM, Tiwari D, Appl. Clay Sci., 59-60, 84 (2012)
  23. Lalhmunsiama, Tiwari D, Lee SM, J. Environ. Radioact., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.05.017., 147, 76 (2015)
  24. Chen H, Zhao YG, Wang AQ, J. Hazard. Mater., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.03.085., 149(2), 346 (2007)
  25. Toor M, Jin B, Dai S, Vimonses V, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2014.03.033., 21, 653 (2015)
  26. Komadel J, Madejova BKGT, Dev. Clay Sci., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1572-4352(05)01008-1., 1, 263 (2006)
  27. Noyan H, Onal M, Sarıkaya Y, Food Chem., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.03.060., 105(1), 156 (2007)
  28. Jozefaciuk G, Bowanko G, Clays Clay Miner., http://dx.doi.org/10.1346/000986002762090308., 50, 771 (2002)
  29. Dı´az VFR, de.S. Santos P, Quım. Nova, http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422001000300011., 24(3), 345 (2001)
  30. Pawar RR, Gosai KA, Bhatt AS, Kumaresan S, Lee SM, Bajaj HC, RSC Adv., http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5RA15817F., 5(102), 83985 (2015)
  31. Kumar P, Jasra RV, Bhat TS, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00043a053., 34(4), 1440 (1995)
  32. Rhodes MFCN, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39910000804., 12(12) (1991)
  33. Rivera-Utrilla J, Bautista-Toledo I, Ferro-Garcia MA, Moreno-Castilla C, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.506., 76(12), 1209 (2001)
  34. Sadik F, Fincher JH, Hartman CW, J. Pharm. Sci., 60(6), 916 (1971)
  35. Gates WP, Dev. Clay Sci., 1, 789 (2006)
  36. Falaras P, Kovanis I, Lezou F, Seiragakis G, Clay Miner., http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/000985599546181., 34(2), 221 (1999)
  37. Onal M, Sankaya Y, Powder Technol., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2006.10.034., 172(1), 14 (2007)
  38. Petit S, Dev. Clay Sci., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1572-4352(05)01032-9., 1 (2006)
  39. Joshi GV, Pawar RR, Kevadiya BD, Bajaj HC, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2010.12.040., 142(2-3), 542 (2011)
  40. Pawar RR, Kevadiya BD, Brahmbhatt H, Bajaj HC, Int. J. Pharm., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.02.021., 446(1-2), 145 (2013)
  41. Michot LJ, Villieras F, Dev. Clay Sci., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1572-4352(05)01035-4., 1, 965 (2006)
  42. Bailey SE, Olin TJ, Bricka RM, Adrian DD, Water Res., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00475-8., 33(11), 2469 (1999)
  43. Toor M, Jin B, Dai S, Vimonses V, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2014.03.033., 21, 653 (2015)
  44. Toor M, Jin B, Chem. Eng. J., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.01.089., 187, 79 (2012)
  45. Vilcocq L, Spinola V, Moniz P, Duarte LC, Carvalheiro F, Fernandes C, Castilho P, Catal. Sci. Technol., http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5CY00195A., 5(8), 4072 (2015)
  46. Liu M, Hou L, Xi B, Zhao Y, Xia X, Appl. Surf. Sci., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.02.116., 273(100), 706 (2013)
  47. Lee SM, Laldawngliana C, Tiwari D, Chem. Eng. J., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.04.075., 195-196, 103 (2012)
  48. Tiwari D, Lalhmunsiama, Lee SM, Desalin. Water Treat., 53(6), 1591 (2015)
  49. Tiwari D, Kim HU, Lee SM, Sep. Purif. Technol., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2007.03.005., 57(1), 11 (2007)
  50. Langmuir I, J. Am. Chem. Soc., http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja02242a004., 40(9), 1361 (1918)
  51. Ghaedi M, Ansari A, Habibi MH, Habibi AR, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2013.04.031., 20(1), 17 (2014)
  52. Foo KY, Hameed BH, Chem. Eng. J., 156(1), 2 (2010)
  53. Freundlich H, J. Phys. Chem., http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j150375a022., 40(6), 1935 (857)
  54. Imamoglu M, Tekir O, Desalination, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.08.011., 228(1-3), 108 (2008)
  55. Kamari A, Yusoff SNM, Abdullah F, Putra WP, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2014.08.014., 2(4), 1912 (2014)
  56. Moyo M, Guyo U, Mawenyiyo G, Zinyama NP, Nyamunda BC, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2014.12.026., 27, 126 (2015)
  57. Monfared AD, Ghazanfari MH, Jamialahmadi M, Helalizadeh A, Chem. Eng. J., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.06.104., 281, 334 (2015)
  58. Weber WJ, Morris JC, J. Sanit. Eng. Div., 89(2), 31 (1963)
  59. Lalhmunsiama, Tiwari D, Lee SM, Chem. Eng. J., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.08.072., 283, 1414 (2016)
  60. Reddy DHK, Seshaiah K, Reddy AVR, Rao MM, Wang MC, J. Hazard. Mater., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.128., 174(1-3), 831 (2010)
  61. Lee SM, Lalhmunsiama, Thanhmingliana, Tiwari, Chem. Eng. J., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.02.053., 270, 496 (2015)
  62. Thomas HC, J. Am. Chem. Soc., http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01238a017., 66(10), 1664 (1944)