Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries, Vol.9, No.4, 259-265, 1996
Model on-site emergency plan. Case study: Toxic gas release from an ammonia storage terminal
Worldwide discussion of disaster management plans to cope with catastrophic injury to people and environmental destruction due to accidents in the chemical process industry was initiated after major chemically caused disasters at Seveso, Flixborough and Bhopal. An emergency plan is a formal written plan based on identified potential accidents together with their consequences. This plan describes how such accidents and their consequences should be handled both on- and off-site. The main aim of the plan is to limit the negative effects of an accident by being prepared with a plan and facilities ready to react without delay. The primary responsibility of the management of a hazardous chemical site is the prevention of accidents resulting in harm to human health, the environment or property. Thus, the plan for handling emergencies should describe all available help from the local professionals as well as governmental officials in order to supplement the company's own manpower. If a real emergency occurs and the personnel available do not have a well prepared written plan, the results could be far more serious than they would have been if a plan had been available. This paper provides an overview of release scenarios and affects area, response, organization, communications system, key personnel with specified responsibilities, work emergency procedures, emergency control centre, education and training, testing the plan/mock drill, performance review/observation and finalization.