Butanol is considered a promising, infrastructure-compatible biofuel. Unfortunately, the fermentation pathway for butanol production is restricted by its toxicity to the microbial strains used in the process. Gas stripping technology can efficiently remove butanol from the fermentation broth as it is produced, thereby decreasing its inhibitory effects. Adsorption can then be used to recover butanol from the vapor phase. Active carbon samples and zeolite were investigated for their butanol vapor adsorption capacities. Commercial activated carbon was modified via hydrothermal H2O2 treatment, and the specific surface area and oxygen-containing functional groups of activated carbon were tested before and after treatment. Hydrothermal H2O2 modification increased the surface oxygen content, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, micropore volume, and total pore volume of active carbon. The adsorption capacities of these active carbon samples were almost three times that of zeolite. However, the un-modified active carbon had the highest adsorption capacity for butanol vapor (259.6 mg g(-1)), compared to 222.4 mg g(-1) after 10% H2O2 hydrothermal treatment. Both modified and un-modified active carbon can be easily regenerated for repeatable adsorption by heating to 150 degrees C. Therefore, surface oxygen groups significantly reduced the adsorption capacity of active carbons for butanol vapor. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.