The aim of this study was to select a potential microalgal strain for lipid production and to examine the suitability of anaerobically treated piggery wastewater as a nutrient source for production of lipid-rich biomass with the selected microalga. Biomass and lipid productivity of three microalgal strains (Chlorella sorokiniana CY1, Chlorella vulgaris CY5 and Chlamydomonas sp. JSC-04) were compared by using different media, nitrogen sources, and nitrogen concentrations. The highest lipid content and productivity (62.5 wt%, 162 mg/L/d) were obtained with C. vulgaris with BG-11 with 62 mg N/L. Secondly, C. vulgaris was cultivated in sterilized, diluted (1-20x), anaerobically treated piggery wastewater. Biomass production decreased and lipid content increased, when wastewater was more diluted. The highest lipid content of 54.7 wt% was obtained with 20x dilution, while the highest lipid productivity of 100.7 mg/L/d with 5x dilution. Piggery wastewater is a promising resource for mass production of oleaginous microalgal biomass. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.