A microbial electrolysis cell (MEC)-forward osmosis (FO) system was previously reported for recovering ammonium and water from synthetic solutions, and here it has been advanced with treating landfill leachate. In the MEC, 65.7 +/- 9.1% of ammonium could be recovered in the presence of cathode aeration. Without aeration, the MEC could remove 54.1 +/- 10.9% of ammonium from the leachate, but little ammonia was recovered. With 2 M NH4HCO3 as the draw solution, the FO process achieved 51% water recovery from the MEC anode effluent in 3.5-h operation, higher than that from the raw leachate. The recovered ammonia was used as a draw solute in the FO for successful water recovery from the treated leachate. Despite the challenges with treating returning solution from the FO, this MEC-FO system has demonstrated the potential for resource recovery from wastes, and provide a new solution for sustainable leachate management. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.