Catalysis Letters, Vol.146, No.1, 28-34, 2016
Gas Phase Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid to gamma-Valerolactone
The gas phase hydrogenation of levulinic acid to gamma-valerolactone over copper and ruthenium based catalysts in a continuous fixed-bed reactor system was investigated. Among the catalysts a copper oxide based one [50-75 % CuO, 20-25 % SiO2, 1-5 % graphite, 0.1-1 % CuCO3/Cu(OH)(2)] gave gamma-valerolactone in 93 % yield for more than 90 h constant operation. [GRAPHICS] .