Fast particle flotation is accomplished by maximising three fundamental aspects: the kinetics of particle-bubble attachment, the bubble interfacial flux for particle extraction, and the rate of bubble-liquid segregation. In practice, it has been impossible to extend all three aspects simultaneously using conventional flotation devices. Hence, significantly higher processing rates using a single flotation cell has not been possible. Here, the Reflux Flotation Cell has been used in this work to address all three aspects in unison in a single stage of separation. This novel system permits throughput rates well beyond conventional flotation standards. Stable operation using extreme gas and feed fluxes is accomplished using a system of parallel inclined channels located below the vertical portion of the cell. In this paper a highly diluted coal feed comprised of well-liberated coal particles at 0.35 wt% solids, was prepared from hydrocyclone overflow. The volumetric feed flux was increased to nearly 10 times the typical conventional level, achieving an extremely low cell residence time, in the order of 25s. Very good combustible recoveries were obtained, with the +38 mu m portion increasing from 92.3% to 98.5% with increasing gas flux. The partitioning of particles below 38 mu m decreased with decreasing particle size until separation became governed by hydraulic entrainment, clearly evident at a particle diameter of similar to 1.65 mu m. (C) 2015 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.