Structural and thermodynamic properties of nine isomers of cytosine were studied in gas and aqueous phases and in micro-hydrated environment employing B3LYP and MP2 methods. Also, isomerizations of cytosine were studied in gas phase and the activation energies (E-a) and Gibbs free energies (Delta G(#)) of the internal O-H rotations and proton transfer processes were calculated. The calculated O-H rotational barriers were smaller than 50 kJ/mol while the activation energies of intramolecular proton transfers were in the range of 110-190 kJ/mol. Effect of mono- and di-hydration of the cytosine isomers on the transition state structures and the energy barriers was investigated. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.