New insights into the hydroquinone (HQ).hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) gel system for water shut-off treatment in high temperature reservoirs

Yifei Liu; Caili Dai; Kai Wang; Mingwei Zhao; Guang Zhao; Shuai Yang; Zhihu Yan; Qing You

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.35, 20-28, March, 2016

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2015.09.032 Export Citation

New insights into the hydroquinone (HQ).hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) gel system for water shut-off treatment in high temperature reservoirs

Yifei Liu, Caili Dai^†, Kai Wang¹, Mingwei Zhao, Guang Zhao, Shuai Yang, Zhihu Yan, and Qing You^{2, †}

School of Petroleum Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, People’s Republic of China
¹China National Offshore Oil Corporation Research Institute, Beijing 100028, People’s Republic of China
²School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China

E-mail:,

Aiming at water shut-off in high temperature reservoirs, the hydroquinone (HQ)-hexamethylenetetra-mine (HMTA) gel system was studied. The gelation performance and effects of various parameters were systematically evaluated. With increase of the concentrations and temperature, gelation time decreases and gel strength increases. In addition, gelation rate and gel strength were enhanced on adding acid. Moreover, the gel system shows good salt tolerance. The thermal stability measurement indicates that the gel can maintain stability up to 140 ℃. Uniformly distributed three-dimensional network structure was formed in the gel. At last, the gelation mechanism was proposed, illuminating the detailed gelation process clearly.

Keywords:Hydroquinone (HQ)-hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) gel;Thermal stability;Microstructure

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[Referenced By]

[1] Dai C, Zhao G, You Q, Zhao M, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 131(8) (2014)

[2] Kabir AH, SPE Asia Pacific Improved Oil Recovery Conference, Society of Petroleum Engineers, January, 2001.

[3] Bailey B, Crabtree M, Tyrie J, Elphick J, Kuchuk F, Romano C, Roodhart L, Water Control. Oilfield Rev., 6, 31 (2001)

[4] Wang W, Liu Y, Gu Y, Colloid Polym. Sci., 281(11), 1046 (2003)

[5] Al-Muntasheri GA, Nasr-El-Din HA, Peters J, Zitha PL, SPE J., 11(04), 497 (2006)

[6] Thorne JB, Vine GJ, Snowden MJ, Colloid Polym. Sci., 289, 625 (2010)

[7] Emberley S, Hutcheon I, Shevalier M, Durocher K, Gunter WD, Perkins EH, Energy, 29(9-10), 1393 (2004)

[8] Sengupta B, Sharma VP, Udayabhanu G, Presented at the International Petroleum Technology Conference, Bangkok, Thailand, February 7-9, 2012, IPTC 14381.

[9] Sengupta B, Sharma VP, Udayabhanu G, J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., 81, 145 (2012)

[10] Dovan HT, Hutchins RD, Sandiford BB, International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, Society of Petroleum Engineers, January, 1997.

[11] Hutchins RD, Dovan HT, Sandiford BB, Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, 1996, p. 419.

[12] Moradi-Araghi A, J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., 26(1), 1 (2000)

[13] Albonico P, Bartosek M, Malandrino A, Bryant S, Lockhart TP, International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, 1995, p. 403.

[14] Bryant SL, Bartosek M, Lockhart TP, J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., 17(3), 197 (1997)

[15] Jia H, Pu WF, Zhao JZ, Liao R, Energy Fuels, 25(2), 727 (2011)

[16] Jia H, Zhao JZ, Jin FY, Pu WF, Li YM, Li KX, Li JM, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 51(38), 12155 (2012)

[17] Al-Muntasheri GA, Nasr-El-Din HA, Hussein IA, J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., 59(1), 73 (2007)

[18] Al-Muntasheri GA, Nasr-El-Din HA, Zitha PL, SPE J., 13(03), 337 (2008)

[19] Dovan HT, Hutchins RD, Sandiford BB, SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, 1997, p. 361.

[20] Reddy BR, Larry E, Dalrymple E, Kathy B, David B, Marcel R, et al., SPE J., 8(2), 99 (2002)

[21] Broseta D, Marquer O, Blin N, Zaitoun A, Paper SPE 59319 presented at the SPE/DOE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery held in Tulsa, OK, April 3-5, 2000.

[22] Vasquez J, Dalrymple ED, Eoff L, Reddy BR, Civan F, Paper SPE 93156 presented at the SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry held in The Woodlands, TX, February 2-4, 2005.

[23] Zhao G, Dai C, You Q, Zhao M, Zhao J, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 65(3), 392 (2013)

[24] Sengupta B, Sharma VP, Udayabhanu G, J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., 81(1), 145 (2012)

[25] Hurd CB, Letteron HA, J. Phys. Chem., 2, 604 (1931)

[26] Jordan DS, Green DW, Terry RE, Willhite GP, Soc. Petrol. Eng. J., 22(04), 463 (1982)

[27] Bai Y, Xiong C, Wei F, Li J, Shu Y, Liu D, Energy Fuels (2015)

[28] Yu H, Wang Y, Ji W, Zhang J, Zhang P, Chen W, Qi Z, Petrol. Sci. Technol., 29(12), 1285 (2011)

[29] Tang J, Tung MA, Zeng Y, Carbohydr. Polym., 29(95), 11 (1996)

[30] Salehi MB, Sefti MV, Moghadam AM, Dadvand AK, J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys., 3, 438 (2012)

[31] Uddin F, Shahid N, Tahir H, Arab. J. Sci. Eng., 27(2), 163 (2002)

[32] Haas PA, Pitt WW, Robinson SM, Ryon AD, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 22(3), 461 (1983)

[33] Wang J, Wang Y, Qiao M, Xie S, Fan K, Mater. Lett., 61(28), 5074 (2007)

[34] Barton JM, Adv. Polym. Sci., 72(11), 111 (1985)

[35] Zhao G, Dai C, Zhao M, You Q, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 131(4) (2014)