Combustion and Flame, Vol.162, No.5, 1857-1867, 2015
Dynamics of high sound-speed metal confiners driven by non-ideal high-explosive detonation
The results of 14 tests examining the behavior of aluminum (Al) confiners driven by non-ideal ANFO detonation in a cylinder test configuration are presented. In each test, the measured detonation phase velocity is slower than the aluminum sound speed. Thus, in the detonation reference frame, the flow in the Al is both shockless and subsonic. The tests involve: 3-in, inner diameter (ID) cylinders with Al wall thicknesses of 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 1 and 2 in.; a 4-in. ID cylinder with a 1/2-in. Al wall thickness; and 6-in. ID cylinders with Al wall thicknesses of 1/2, 1 and 2 in. The ANFO detonation velocity is seen to increase with increasing wall thickness for both the 3- and 6-in. ID tests, with no limiting velocity reached for the wall thicknesses used. The motion of the outer Al wall due to precursor elastic waves in the Al running ahead of the detonation is also measured at various axial locations along the cylinders. It is found that the magnitude of the outer wall motion due to the precursor elastic waves is small, while the associated wall motion is unsteady and decays in amplitude as the elastic disturbances move further ahead of the detonation front. The variations in the expansion history of the main outer wall motion of the cylinders are presented for increasing wall thickness at fixed ID, and for increasing cylinder inner diameter at a fixed wall thickness. Finally, we also explore the existence of a geometric similarity scaling of the wall expansion history for three geometrically scaled tests (3- and 6-in. ID cylinders with 1/4- and 1/2-in. walls, 3- and 6-in. ID cylinders with 1/2- and 1-in, walls and 3- and 6-in. ID cylinders with 1- and 2-in, walls respectively). We find that the wall velocity histories for each of the three scaled tests, when plotted directly against time relative to start of main motion of the wall, are similar over a certain range of wall velocities without any geometric based rescaling in time. The range of wall velocities where the overlap occurs increases as the ratio of the wall thickness to inner diameter decreases. This is in contrast to ideal high explosives, where the outer wall velocity histories are only similar when the geometric scale factor (in this case a factor of 2) is applied to the wall velocity motion. (C) 2014 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.