Electrochimica Acta, Vol.176, 694-704, 2015
Advanced electrochemical performance of Li1.95Al0.05Na2Ti6O14 anode material for lithium ion batteries
A range of Al doped Li2Na2Ti6O14 anode materials are synthesized by a simple solid state method at 800 degrees C. Structure and morphology investigations show that Li2-xAlxNa2Ti6O14 (0.0 <= x <= 0.2) are well crystallized with a particle size in the range of 100 to 300 nm, and Al doping can slightly reduce the particle size of Li2Na2Ti6O14. Electrochemical evaluation indicates that Li1.95Al0.05Na2Ti6O14 reveals the highest reversible capacity of 245.1 mAh g(-1) after 40 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g(-1) among all the as-prepared samples. For comparison, the reversible charge capacities for Li2Na2Ti6O14, Li1.9Al0.1Na2Ti6O14, Li1.85Al0.15Na2Ti6O14 and Li1.8Al0.2Na2Ti6O14 are only 225.6, 200.0, 206.7 and 216.9 mAh g(-1), respectively. Rate performance shows that Li1.95Al0.05Na2Ti6O14 also delivers the best electrochemical property with the charge capacities of 224.8 mAh g(-1) at 200 mA g(-1), 204.7 mAh g(-1) at 300 mA g(-1) and 192.4 mAh g(-1) at 400 mA g(-1). The excellent electrochemical performance of Li1.95Al0.05Na2Ti6O14 is attributed to the decreased electrochemical resistance and the improved chemical diffusion coefficient induced by Al doping. Besides, the zero-strain characteristic as proved by in-situ structure analysis should also be responsible for the enhanced cycling and rate properties. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords:Lithium sodium titanate;Aluminum doping;Electrochemical property;In-situ structural evolution;Lithium-ion batteries