The catalysts with high activity and selectivity, especially the latter, play a key role in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis technology. Herein, a novel Fe-based confinement catalyst, Fe2O3 encapsulated in TiO2 nanotubes, was prepared by a method of vacuum-assisted impregnation. The catalyst presented an excellent yield of oil phase hydrocarbons and C5+ selectivity due to the confinement effect. This interesting phenomenon was discussed from the view of the restrained molecular movement and enhanced readsorption of short-chain alpha-olefins in the confined space of TiO2 nanotube channels. The results over this novel confinement catalyst revealed a promising research prospect on adjusting the product distribution to long-chain hydrocarbons for Fe-based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.